Thailand’s decision to join BRICS has drawn attention to both its economic prospects and its legal implications. Foreign Affairs Minister Maris Sangiampongsa defended the move, arguing that BRICS membership enhances Thailand’s global presence, facilitates cooperation in emerging sectors like artificial intelligence and cybersecurity, and strengthens its role in multilateral economic frameworks. Given BRICS’ expanding influence, Thailand stands to benefit from increased trade and investment opportunities while aligning with other developing economies seeking a greater voice in global governance.
From a legal perspective, the key issue was whether joining BRICS required parliamentary approval under Section 178 of the Thai Constitution, which requires analysis of treaties affecting sovereignty or national security. However, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, after consulting the Council of State, determined that Thailand’s acceptance of BRICS membership did not constitute a treaty obligation. Since no binding commitments was imposed, the government proceeded without parliamentary approval.
Despite the economic and diplomatic advantages, Thailand must carefully manage its relationships with existing partners, including the USA and the EU, ensuring that its participation in BRICS does not conflict with commitments under the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework (IPEF), the OECD, and the EU-Thailand free trade negotiations. Moving forward, Thailand’s ability to balance these affiliations will determine whether BRICS membership translates into meaningful economic and geopolitical gains.